Rasa batin

Emosi inggih punika kahanan fisik miwah mental sané kabakta olih pauwahan neurofisiologis, sané mapaiketan sareng pikayunan, raos, respons parilaksana, miwah undagan rasa seneng utawi nénten seneng . ^{[1] [2] [3] [4]} Nénten wénten konsensus ilmiah indik definisi. ^{[5] [6]} Emosi sering pisan mapaiketan sareng suasana hati, temperamen, kepribadian, disposisi, utawi kreativitas. ^[7]

Tetilik indik emosi sampun sayan nincap ring kalih dekade sane sampun lintang,  antuk akeh widang sane nyumbang, rumasuk psikologi, kedokteran, sejarah, sosiologi emosi, ilmu komputer lan filsafat . Akeh utsaha sane kaanggen nlatarang indik wit, kawigunan, miwah aspek-aspek emosi sane tiosan sampun ngalimbakang penelitian sane intens indik topik puniki. Mateori indik wit evolusi miwah minab tatujon emosi mawit saking Charles Darwin . Widang seseleh sané mangkin rumasuk ilmu saraf emosi, ngawigunayang alat sekadi PET miwah fMRI scan anggén malajahin proses gambar afektif ring otak. ^[8]

Saking perspektif mekanistik, emosi prasida kategesang dados "pengalaman positif utawi negatif sane mapaiketan sareng pola aktivitas fisiologis tertentu". ^[9] Emosi punika kompleks, nyarengin makudang-kudang komponen sane matiosan, sakadi pengalaman subjektif, proses kognitif, parilaksana ekspresif, pauwahan psikofisiologis, miwah parilaksana instrumental. ^{[10] [11]} Ring galah sane sampun lintang, para akademisi mautsaha ngidentifikasi emosi antuk silih sinunggil komponen: William James antuk pengalaman subjektif, ahli parilaksana antuk parilaksana instrumental, psikofisiologis antuk pauwahan fisiologis, miwah sane lianan. Sane pinih anyar, emosi sampun kabaos kawangun antuk samian komponen. Komponen emosi sane mabinayan punika kakategoriang akidik mabinayan manut ring disiplin akademik. Ring psikologi miwah filsafat, emosi ketahnyané nyarengang pengalaman subjektif miwah eling sané kacihnayang utamanyané olih ekspresi psikofisiologis, reaksi biologis, miwah kahanan mental . Deskripsi multi-komponen sane pateh indik emosi kapanggihin ring sosiologi . Upaminyane, Peggy Thoits nlatarang emosi pinaka sane nyarengin komponen fisiologis, label budaya utawi emosi (gedeg, kaget, miwah sane tiosan), parilaksana angga ekspresif, miwah penilaian situasi miwah konteks. ^[12] Proses kognitif, sakadi penalaran miwah pangambilan kaputusan, sering kasengguh mapasahan saking proses emosional, makarya pabinayan pantaraning pamineh miwah pangrasa. Nanging, nenten samian teori emosi nganggep pamisahan puniki valid. ^[13]

Mangkin, akehan penelitian indik emosi ring konteks klinis miwah karahayuan ngutamayang indik dinamika emosi ring kauripan sarahina, akehan intensitas emosi spesifik miwah variabilitasnyane, instabilitas, inersia, miwah diferensiasinyane, taler napike miwah sapunapi emosi saling nincapang utawi saling tumpul saking galah ka galah miwah pabinayan ring dinamika life miwah jadma puniki. ^{[14] [15]}

1. ↑ Panksepp, Jaak (2005). Affective neuroscience: the foundations of human and animal emotions (édisi ka-[Reprint]). Oxford [u.a.]: Oxford Univ. Press. p. 9. ISBN 978-0195096736. Our emotional feelings reflect our ability to subjectively experience certain states of the nervous system. Although conscious feeling states are universally accepted as major distinguishing characteristics of human emotions, in animal research the issue of whether other organisms feel emotions is little more than a conceptual embarrassment
2. ↑ Damasio AR (May 1998). "Emotion in the perspective of an integrated nervous system". Brain Research. Brain Research Reviews. 26 (2–3): 83–86. doi:10.1016/s0165-0173(97)00064-7. PMID 9651488.
3. ↑ Ekman, Paul; Davidson, Richard J. (1994). The Nature of emotion: fundamental questions. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 291–293. ISBN 978-0195089448. Emotional processing, but not emotions, can occur unconsciously.
4. ↑ Schacter, Daniel L.; Gilbert, Daniel T.; Wegner, Daniel M. (2011). Psychology (édisi ka-2nd). New York: Worth Publishers. p. 310. ISBN 978-1429237192.
5. ↑ Cabanac, Michel (2002). "What is emotion?". Behavioural Processes. 60: 69–83. doi:10.1016/S0376-6357(02)00078-5. PMID 12426062. There is no consensus in the literature on a definition of emotion. The term is taken for granted in itself and, most often, emotion is defined with reference to a list: anger, disgust, fear, joy, sadness, and surprise. [...] I propose here that emotion is any mental experience with high intensity and high hedonic content (pleasure/displeasure).
6. ↑ Lisa Feldman Barrett; Michael Lewis; Jeannette M. Haviland-Jones, eds. (2016). Handbook of emotions (édisi ka-Fourth). New York. ISBN 978-1462525348. OCLC 950202673.
7. ↑ Averill, James R. (February 1999). "Individual Differences in Emotional Creativity: Structure and Correlates". Journal of Personality (ring Inggris). 67 (2): 331–371. doi:10.1111/1467-6494.00058. ISSN 0022-3506. PMID 10202807.
8. ↑ Cacioppo, John T.; Gardner, Wendi L. (1999). "Emotion". Annual Review of Psychology. 50: 191–214. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.50.1.191. PMID 10074678.
9. ↑ Schacter, Daniel L.; Gilbert, Daniel T.; Wegner, Daniel M. (2011). Psychology (édisi ka-2nd). New York: Worth Publishers. p. 310. ISBN 978-1429237192.
10. ↑ Cabral, J. Centurion; de Almeida, Rosa Maria Martins (2022). "From social status to emotions: Asymmetric contests predict emotional responses to victory and defeat". Emotion (ring Inggris). 22 (4): 769–779. doi:10.1037/emo0000839. ISSN 1931-1516. PMID 32628033.
11. ↑ Scherer KR (2005). "What are emotions? And how can they be measured?". Social Science Information. 44 (4): 693–727. doi:10.1177/0539018405058216.
12. ↑ Thoits PA (1989). "The sociology of emotions". Annual Review of Sociology. 15: 317–342. doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.15.1.317.
13. ↑ Barrett LF, Mesquita B, Ochsner KN, Gross JJ (January 2007). "The experience of emotion". Annual Review of Psychology. 58 (1): 373–403. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085709. PMC 1934613. PMID 17002554.
14. ↑ Reitsema, A.M. (2021). "Emotion dynamics in children and adolescents: A meta-analytic and descriptive review". Emotion. 22 (2): 374–396. doi:10.1037/emo0000970. PMID 34843305 Check |pmid= value (help).
15. ↑ Charles, Susan T.; Carstensen, Laura L. (1 January 2010). "Social and Emotional Aging". Annual Review of Psychology (ring Inggris). 61 (1): 383–409. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.100448. ISSN 0066-4308. PMC 3950961. PMID 19575618.